A genome-wide association study of sorghum seedlings under salt stress identified 35 loci and 39 candidate genes—many conserved across species—implicated in salt sensing, ROS detoxification, osmotic adjustment, and K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis, providing targets for improving salt tolerance through molecular breeding.
Synthetic apomixis was successfully engineered in hybrid sorghum, enabling clonal seed formation that preserves hybrid heterozygosity across generations, although further optimization is needed to improve fertility and developmental stability.
The sorghum genotype ‘S208’ exhibits superior waterlogging tolerance through coordinated activation of anaerobic energy metabolism, hormone signaling, and cell wall remodeling that drives adventitious root formation and aerenchyma development under hypoxic conditions.
Evaluation of the Sudan core collection of tropical sorghum germplasm identified rare accessions with dual resistance to rust and anthracnose and revealed the novel Rp2 NBS–LRR resistance locus, highlighting an underutilized genetic resource for introgressing durable disease resistance and expanding the genetic diversity of U.S. sorghum breeding programs.
SbHMA5 is a conserved P1B-type copper ATPase in sorghum that maintains copper homeostasis by interacting with metallochaperones to efflux excess Cu from the cytosol, thereby protecting plant growth and development from copper toxicity.
Sorghum polyamine oxidase genes exhibit distinct structural, evolutionary, and regulatory specializations that shape tissue- and genotype-specific stress responses, with SbPAO5 and SbPAO6 emerging as key contributors to drought tolerance and promising targets for crop improvement.
Leaf angle formation in sorghum is driven by coordinated changes in auricle cell development, phenylpropanoid-mediated lignin biosynthesis, and associated gene expression, collectively shaping plant architecture for improved light capture.
A genome-wide analysis of sorghum revealed that stems possess relatively few organ-specific genes due to their meristematic origins, with two KNOX-like transcription factors, SbTALE03 and SbTALE04, emerging as key stem-preferred regulators and promising tools for targeted engineering supported by regulatory and network evidence.
