In the tropical and semi-arid regions of Africa, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is mainly grown as a major food security crop. Understanding the extent and pattern of genetic variability is a prerequisite criterion for sorghum improvement and conservation. The genetic diversity and population structure of 100 genotypes of sorghum were profiled using 15 microsatellite loci. A total of 108 alleles, with an overall mean of 7.2 alleles per locus, were produced by all of the microsatellite loci used due to their high polymorphism. Polymorphic information content values ranging from 0.68 to 0.89 indicated that all of the loci are effective genetic tools for analysing the genetic structure of sorghum. Different diversity metrics were used to evaluate genetic diversity among populations, and Nei's gene diversity index ranged from 0.74 to 0.81 with an overall mean of 0.78. Poor genetic differentiation (FST: 0.02; p